附2:黃萬裡先生博士論文的摘要
synopsis(概述)
This paper points out the necesity of houring hydrographs rather than merely maximum and minimum streamflows for engineering areas. In most streamflow obbservations available extend over a comparatively few years. there is an urgent need for an accurate method of computing hydrographs from rainfall and other physical data.
The proposed therories and methods herewith presened are based upon the fundamentals of the scientific methods of analysis and synthesis. Time and space, the basic variables of any natural phenomenon in motion have been full considered. The underlying principle is to detect all physical characteristics pertaining to a drainage area that are imposible to be obtained by measurements from the hydrograph itself. Any irregular feature of an observed hydrograph is to be explainde with reasons. The usual method of computing the several kinds of water loses such an evaporation, transpirations,etc., to obtain the net runoff has been entirely abandoned in the present research. Part I treats of the introductory contents of these mold principles woout the theories and methods followed.
In Part II, the proposed theory of instananeous hydrograph in presented from which time contours can be determined in the gap. Fith the time contour knwn. ^22 drainage with characteristics are completedly revealed. Besides, hydrograph can be reproduced even from non-uniform rainfalls. There are several other useful methods presented in this part. The ordinarily used unit-graph method is also criticised. However, all methods given in this part are based upon three assumptions: (1)There is no water lost throughout its trip to the measuring point so that all rainwater is drained from the surface of the basins; (2)The ground conditions are invaribles with the rising of river stages so that the instantaneous hydrograph is constant; and (3) A uniform rainfall covers the entire drainage area when used for analysis.
Part III: "The puts of water losses." takes into acount the assumption (1) in Part II. A method of determing the account of water losses by means of the "differential hydrograph" is proposed.
Part IV: "An Exact Analysis." takes into account the remaining two assumptions in Part II. Thereby, the theoretical part of the methods have been completed.
In Part V: "Problem Involving Channel ctouruges." a method of eliminating the effect of channel storage is proposed, and orfilosms are gives to Norton's method. A method of finding the ground water depletion ourre and another method of oeparating reaaaion curves are also presented. There methods are useful in the natural solution of problems.
In Part VI, the details of solution are presented with an illustrative example. It describe the procedure to be followed in the analysis and sythesis of hydrographs. The rrest reach of Salt Fork Basin at Urbana, illinois has been chosen for illustration. The results have met the tests of theories and methods established by the writer.
附3:黃萬裡先生關於博士論文內容的講述